ʻO nā Bateri Sodium-ion: ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻoihana kaʻa ʻenehana hou

I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka ʻoihana kaʻa kaʻa hou, a ua loaʻa ʻo Kina i kahi lele ma ke kahua o ka hana kaʻa, me kāna ʻenehana pākahi e alakaʻi i ka honua. Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, hiki i ka holomua ʻenehana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka hana ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā kumukūʻai, e hopena i ka maikaʻi a me nā kumukūʻai hoʻemi no nā huahana hope. I kēia lā, ke kālailai nei kēia ʻatikala i ka hiʻohiʻona kumukūʻai o nā pihi mana kaʻa kaʻa hou, e kālele ana inā hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke kūʻai aku i nā kaʻa ikehu hou ʻoi aku ke kumu kūʻai ma hope o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā pākaʻi sodium-ion.

01 Ke Kumukuai o na Kaa Uwila Hou

ʻO nā kumu kūʻai nui o nā kaʻa uila maʻemaʻe i ka ʻāpana kaʻa kaʻa hou e like me kēia:

Mai ka ʻikepili i loko o ka pakuhi, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka pākaukau ka mea nui loa e hoʻohuli i ke kumukūʻai kaʻa holoʻokoʻa. Ke piʻi aʻe nei ke kumukūʻai o ka pākaukau, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā huahana hope. No laila, pehea e hoʻoholo ʻia ai nā kumukūʻai pākaukau mana?

02 Ke Kumu kūʻai o nā Bateri Mana

ʻIke loa, ʻo nā mea maka ke kumu hoʻoholo i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā kumukūʻai pākaukau mana. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka China Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki i hala, ua piʻi ka awelika o ke kumu kūʻai o nā kumulāʻau cathode lithium ternary ma 108.9%, ʻoiai ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kumu kūʻai o ka lithium iron phosphate battery cathode material. e 182.5%. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kumukūʻai maʻamau o nā electrolytes pākahi lithium ternary e 146.2%, a ua piʻi aʻe ke kumukūʻai o ka lithium iron phosphate electrolytes e 190.2%. ʻAʻole hiki ke hana i nā ʻōhua nui me ka ʻole o ka lithium, no laila e nānā kākou i nā kumu kūʻai o ka lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, a me ka lithium iron phosphate:

ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai pākaukau lithium e alakaʻi ʻia e ka loiloi i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻoihana lithium ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki o ka hāʻule mau ʻana, e hopena i ka hāʻawi ʻana ma muli o nā poho. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou ua alakaʻi pū i ka noi no nā pā lithium. Ua hoʻonohonoho nā ʻāina ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i nā pahuhopu no ka electrification kaʻa, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka kūʻē ʻana i ka lako-koi a alakaʻi i ka piʻi mau ʻana o nā kumukūʻai kumu waiwai lithium. I loko o ia ʻano pōʻaiapili, pehea e hiki ʻole ai ke piʻi aʻe ke kumukūʻai o nā pihi mana?

03 Pehea ka lōʻihi o nā Bateri Sodium-ion me ka maikaʻi o ke kumu kūʻai aku no nā kaʻa ikaika hou?

Ma muli o ka palena nui loa o nā kumuwaiwai lithium ma ka Honua, e like me 2020, ʻo ka honua lithium ore (lithium carbonate) mālama ʻia he 128 miliona tons, me nā kumu waiwai o 349 miliona tons, ka hapanui o nā ʻāina e like me Chile, Australia, Argentina, a me Bolivia. . Aia ʻo Kina i ka ʻehā ma ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka lithium i hōʻoia ʻia, e helu ana no 7.1%, a me ke kolu i ka hana ʻana o ka lithium ore, helu no 17.1%. Eia nō naʻe, maikaʻi ʻole ka paʻakai lithium o Kina a paʻakikī ke hana a hana. No laila, ke hilinaʻi nui nei ʻo Kina i ka lawe ʻana mai i nā konsentrate lithium Australia a me nā paʻakai lithium ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO Kina ka mea kūʻai nui loa o ka lithium ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e helu ana ma kahi o 39% o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka makahiki 2019. I ka wā pōkole, ua kaupalena ʻia nā kumuwaiwai lithium ma muli o ka lawe ʻana mai, a i ka wā lōʻihi, e kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā pā lithium-ion. e nā kumuwaiwai lithium. No laila, hiki ke lilo i mau ʻāpana sodium-ion, he nui nā mea mālama, nā kumukūʻai a me nā pono palekana, i ala hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi no ka ʻoihana pākaukau i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iulai 2021, ua hoʻokuʻu mua ʻo CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd.) i kahi pākaukau sodium-ion a hoʻolaha i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna hoʻolālā ʻenehana, me ke kaulahao ʻoihana kumu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e 2023. ʻO kahi nūhou maikaʻi ma ka lā 28 o Iulai i ka makahiki i hala, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka laina hana pākaukau sodium-ion 1 GWh mua loa ma Fuyang, Anhui Province. ʻAʻole mamao loa nā kaʻa ikehu hou i hoʻohana ʻia i ka pākaukau sodium-ion.

ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā kaʻa ikehu hou i hoʻohana ʻia i ka sodium-ion me ka maikaʻi o ke kumukūʻai e kōkua nui i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā kaʻa hoʻomaʻemaʻe uila ma nā kūlanakauhale ma Kina. Ua kūpaʻa mau ʻo YIWEI Automotive i ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā chassis kaʻa ikaika hou, ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana mana, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele naʻauao no ka hoʻokele mana o ke kaʻa, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pūnaewele kaʻa a me nā ʻenehana ʻikepili nui. Aia mākou ma ke alo o ka ʻoihana kaʻa ikehu hou i hoʻolaʻa ʻia a ua hahai pono mākou i ka mua o ka ʻenehana uila mana, e lawe mai ana i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka ʻāpana kaʻa i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā kaʻa ikaika hou aʻe.

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