Nā Pākahi Sodium-ion: Ka Wā e Hiki Mai Ana o ka ʻOihana Kaʻa Ikehu Hou

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ulu wikiwiki ka ʻoihana kaʻa ikehu hou, a ua hoʻokō ʻo Kina i kahi lele ʻana ma ke kahua o ka hana kaʻa, me kāna ʻenehana pila e alakaʻi ana i ka honua. Ma ke ʻano laulā, hiki i nā holomua ʻenehana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pae hana ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā kumukūʻai, e hopena ana i ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai no nā huahana hope. I kēia lā, ua kālailai kēia ʻatikala i ka hiʻohiʻona kumukūʻai o nā pila mana kaʻa ikehu hou, e kālele ana i ka hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke kūʻai i nā kaʻa ikehu hou me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ke kūʻai ʻana o nā pila sodium-ion.

01 Ka Hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke Kumukūʻai o nā Kaʻa Ikehu Hou

ʻO nā ʻāpana kumukūʻai nui o nā kaʻa uila maʻemaʻe ma ka ʻāpana kaʻa ikehu hou e like me kēia:

Mai ka ʻikepili ma ka pakuhi, ua maopopo ʻo ka pila ka mea nui e hoʻopilikia ana i ke kumukūʻai holoʻokoʻa o ke kaʻa. I ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai pila, ua hoʻoili ʻia lākou i nā huahana hope loa. No laila, pehea e hoʻoholo ʻia ai nā kumukūʻai pila mana?

02 Ka Hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke Kumukūʻai o nā Pila Mana

ʻIke loa, ʻo nā mea maka ke kumu hoʻoholo i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā kumukūʻai pākaukau mana. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka China Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki i hala, ua piʻi ke kumukūʻai awelika o nā mea cathode pākahiko lithium ternary ma 108.9%, ʻoiai ua piʻi ke kumukūʻai awelika o nā mea cathode pākahiko lithium iron phosphate ma 182.5%. Ua piʻi ke kumukūʻai awelika o nā electrolytes pākahiko lithium ternary ma 146.2%, a ua piʻi ke kumukūʻai o nā electrolytes pākahiko lithium iron phosphate ma 190.2%. ʻAʻole hiki i nā pākahiko Mainstream ke hana me ka ʻole o ka lithium, no laila e nānā kākou i nā ʻano kumukūʻai o ka lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, a me ka lithium iron phosphate:

ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai o nā mea pākaukau lithium e alakaʻi ʻia e ka loina i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻoihana lithium ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki o ka emi mau ʻana, e hopena ana i ka emi ʻana o ka lako ma muli o nā pohō. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou ua hoʻokele pū i ke koi no nā pākaukau lithium. Ua hoʻonohonoho nā ʻāina a puni ka honua i nā pahuhopu no ka hoʻokele uila ʻana o nā kaʻa, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka kūʻē ʻana o ka lako-koi a alakaʻi i ka piʻi mau ʻana o nā kumukūʻai kumu waiwai o nā pākaukau lithium. Ma ia ʻano, pehea lā e hiki ʻole ai i nā pākaukau mana ke piʻi i ke kumukūʻai?

03 Pehea ka mamao o nā pila Sodium-ion me ka hana kumukūʻai maikaʻi aʻe no nā kaʻa ikehu hou?

ʻOiai ua palena loa nā kumuwaiwai mineral lithium ma ka Honua, e like me ka makahiki 2020, ʻo ka nui o nā waihona lithium ore (lithium carbonate) o ka honua he 128 miliona tons, me nā kumuwaiwai he 349 miliona tons, i hoʻolaha nui ʻia ma nā ʻāina e like me Chile, Australia, Argentina, a me Bolivia. ʻO Kina ka hā ma ke ʻano o nā waihona lithium i hōʻoia ʻia, e helu ana no 7.1%, a ʻo ke kolu ma ka hana lithium ore, e helu ana no 17.1%. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā paʻakai lithium o Kina a paʻakikī ke hana a hana. No laila, hilinaʻi nui ʻo Kina i ka lawe ʻana mai i nā lithium concentrates Australia a me nā paʻakai lithium ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO Kina ka mea kūʻai nui loa o ka lithium ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e helu ana no kahi o 39% o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka makahiki 2019. I ka wā pōkole, ua kaupalena ʻia nā kumuwaiwai lithium ma muli o nā lawe ʻana mai, a i ka wā lōʻihi, e kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā pila lithium-ion e nā kumuwaiwai lithium. No laila, ʻo nā pila sodium-ion, nona nā waihona he nui, nā pono kumukūʻai a me ka palekana, e lilo paha i ala hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi no ka ʻoihana pila i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iulai 2021, ua hoʻokuʻu mua ʻo CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd.) i kahi pākahi sodium-ion a hoʻolaha i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna hoʻolālā ʻoihana, me ke kaulahao ʻoihana kumu e hoʻonohonoho ʻia e hoʻokumu ʻia e 2023. ʻO kekahi ʻāpana nūhou maikaʻi, ma Iulai 28 i ka makahiki i hala, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka laina hana pākahi sodium-ion 1 GWh mua o ka honua ma Fuyang, Anhui Province. ʻAʻole mamao loa nā kaʻa ikehu hou i hoʻohana ʻia e ka pākahi sodium-ion.

ʻO ke kālepa ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou i hoʻohana ʻia e ka pila sodium-ion me ka hana kumukūʻai maikaʻi aʻe e kōkua nui hoʻi i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā kaʻa hoʻomaʻemaʻe uila ma nā kūlanakauhale ma Kina. Ua kūpaʻa mau ʻo YIWEI Automotive i ka hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā chassis kaʻa ikehu hou i hoʻolaʻa ʻia, ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana mana, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomalu akamai no ka hoʻomalu mana i kau ʻia ma ke kaʻa, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pūnaewele kaʻa a me nā ʻenehana ʻikepili nui. Ua noho mākou ma ke alo o ka ʻoihana kaʻa ikehu hou i hoʻolaʻa ʻia a ua hahai pono i ke alo o ka ʻenehana pila mana, e lawe mai ana i nā mea kūʻai aku ma ka ʻāpana kaʻa i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā kaʻa ikehu hou i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kumukūʻai, kūpono, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻohana.

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